Posachedwapa, katswiri wamaphunziro a Yang Yusheng wa ku China Academy of Sciences adalankhula pamsonkhano wokhudza chipwirikiti cha chitukuko chamakampani opanga magalimoto amagetsi ku China.Yang Yusheng ndi mpainiya wofufuza zamabatire apanyumba komanso batire yachiwiri yamphamvu ya lithiamu-sulfure ku China.Mu 2007, Academician Yang Yusheng anapanga batire yoyamba yamphamvu kwambiri ya lithiamu-sulfure ya 300Wh/kg ku China, yokwera kwambiri kuposa batire ya lithiamu-ion yomwe ilipo (100Wh/kg).Yang Yusheng academician amakhulupirira kuti subsidy ndi mtengo mlandu wa magalimoto magetsi pali mavuto, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zofuna zambiri, komanso kuyambitsa dongosolo lilipo mkulu subsidy kwa mabizinezi sikutanthauza, zikubweretsa ambiri opanga galimoto kuthera mtengo waukulu. kutulutsa mankhwala popanda msika, ndipo kutheka kwa mankhwalawa kumatha kukhala ndi mavuto, sikunachite nawo gawo polimbikitsa kukula kwamakampani.
Yang Yusheng academician akukhulupirira kuti mulingo wa batri wapano umatsimikizira komwe akupita patsogolo pa 13th Zaka zisanu Zamagetsi Zamagetsi Zamagetsi, m'malo mopitilira mulingo wa batri wapano kuti atsatire zomwe zimatchedwa magalimoto amagetsi apamwamba kwambiri, magalimoto amagetsi amayenera kupangidwa ndi magetsi. mulingo wa batri, komanso pansi pa dongosolo la subsidy lomwe lilipo, sizinangopangitsa mabizinesi ambiri omwe alibe kafukufuku wamagalimoto amagetsi ndi chitukuko kuti athe kupereka ndalama zothandizira "Great Leap Forward" -njira yokakamizidwa pahatchi, yokwera komanso yokwera kuposa mtengo wamsika. zothandizira zimathandizanso kuti msika uyambe kuyendetsa bwino, osati kuthandizira kusagwirizana pakati pa anthu.Kuti izi zitheke, Katswiri wamaphunziro a Yang Yusheng adafotokoza mwachidule maphunziro asanu kuchokera pakukula kwamakampani opanga magalimoto amagetsi ku China, ndikupereka malingaliro ake atatu:
Maphunziro asanu:
Choyamba, njira yachitukuko ndi yozungulira, ndipo sichikutsimikiza;
Chachiwiri, mlingo wa batri sugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko a chitukuko cha magalimoto amagetsi;
Chachitatu, ndi thandizo lalikulu ndipo palibe zofunika.Zothandizira zamabizinesi ndizokwera kwambiri koma palibe chofunikira, ndinu okonzeka kuchita zomwe muyenera kuchita, kotero kutsatsa kwa magalimoto amagetsi sikunachitepo kanthu;
Chachinayi, kuchokera kumizinda ndi kumidzi kusiyana pakati pa zenizeni.Ganizirani zamagalimoto amagetsi m'mizinda ikuluikulu, ndikuphwanya mobwerezabwereza magalimoto amagetsi ang'onoang'ono komanso otsika;
V. Kusokoneza gawo la kafukufuku waukadaulo kapena gawo la mafakitale a magalimoto amagetsi.
Malangizo atatu:
Choyamba, Bungwe la State Council kuti likhazikitse denga pa ndalama zonse zothandizira galimoto yamagetsi ya 13th Plan of Five Year Plan, momwe angapangire woyamba kuwerengera ndikugwiritsanso ntchito, kuti asalole mautumiki anayi ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito kuwerengera;
Chachiwiri, kufotokozera udindo wa mabizinesi aliwonse opanga magalimoto, kuti akwaniritse chithandizo choyenera, zizindikiro zaudindo, mphotho zochulukirapo, kuti alange ndikulimbikitsa kupanga;
Chachitatu, chithandizo choyenera, chikupitiriza kulimbikitsa chithandizo cha chitukuko cha luso lamakono lamagetsi amagetsi.
Nayi mawu onse:
Comrades, ndinayesa mayeso a nyukiliya ku Xinjiang kwa zaka makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi theka, kotero ine ndine katswiri pa kuyesa nyukiliya, ndiyeno chifukwa posakhalitsa zaka 60, ndiloleni ine ndibwerere ku Beijing, kubwerera ku Beijing pa masankhidwe a maphunziro. , kuti asapume, kotero ine ndikuchita ntchito zina batire, mu munda electromagnetic pambuyo zaka zoposa khumi, pa kukhudzana ndi magalimoto magetsi, kotero kuchokera electromagnetic mfundo mmene kupanga magalimoto magetsi, kotero anayamba kumvetsa zimene zikuchitika. ndi magalimoto amagetsi.
Kwa zaka zopitirira khumi za kukhudzana, ochulukirapo amamva kuti magalimoto amagetsi ndi ofunika kwambiri komanso ovuta kwambiri, kwa dziko lathu njira zina za chitukuko cha galimoto yamagetsi ndi ndondomeko zokhudzana nazo nthawi zambiri zimamvetsera, komanso zinapereka malingaliro ena, malingaliro ena adakhalapo. mothandizidwa ndi a comrades, pali anthu ochepa omwe sagwirizana ndi malingaliro anga, ndikuganiza kuti ndi zachibadwa.Koma kuchita zimenezi n’kumene kungayese chowonadi, ndipo m’kupita kwa zaka, ndikuona kuti maganizo anga ena apambana.Ponena za malamulo a subsidy, ndinali ndi nkhawa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo, chisanachitike komanso pambuyo pa Shanghai World Expo.Zaka ziwiri zisanachitike World Expo, 12M pure-power basi inagulitsidwa kwa 1.6 miliyoni, ndipo pasanathe chaka chimodzi, idagulitsidwa 1.9 miliyoni.Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha Expo, ku Shanghai, chinali 2.2 miliyoni, ndipo miyezi itatu chisanatsegulidwe cha Expo, chinagulitsidwa kwa 2.6 miliyoni.
Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo ndinamva kuti pali mavuto ambiri ndi zothandizira ndi mitengo ya magalimoto amagetsi.Chifukwa basi ya 12M imafunikira pafupifupi matani awiri a mabatire, pamtengo panthawiyo, batire yonseyo imatha kukhala pafupifupi 800,000.Ndiye chifukwa chake kutchulidwa kwadzidzidzi kwa 2.6 miliyoni, ndi basi wamba pafupifupi 500,000, yomwe boma limapereka 500,000, thandizo la m'deralo 500,000, limapanga 1 miliyoni.Chifukwa chiyani kupanga pamwamba kwambiri, kuyambira pano ndinayamba kumvetsera vutoli.Kotero ine ndakhala ndikuyitanitsa basi yamagetsi ya 12M kuti ndigulitse 2.6 miliyoni, ndipo ndanena kuti pamisonkhano yambiri, mwinamwake kukhudza chidwi cha anthu ena.Koma nthawi zonse ndimaganiza kuti pali vuto ndi thandizoli.Koma ndikuyenera kunena mawu lero, tili ndi akuluakulu ambiri ndipo tikukambirana bwino.
Koma ndimapita ku misonkhano yambiri nthawi zambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri ndimakumana ndi zinthu zomwe ndimapempha akuluakuluwa kuti apereke ndondomeko, ndikuwapempha kuti alankhule kaye akamaliza, ndiyeno inu mwanena zomwe sanamvere, sanayankhe. ndikufuna kumva, sanafune kumva, kotero ine ndinasindikiza nkhani zina, kufalitsa mawu ena, ndipo izo sizinagwire ntchito.Pambuyo pake ndinazindikira pang'onopang'ono, osati izi zokha, chifukwa tsopano pali akuluakulu ambiri m'mautumiki anayi apakati, onse akuganiza kuti ndi akatswiri, ndi katswiri kuposa inu, ndi woposa momwe mumaganizira za kuganizira mozama. womveka, iwe munthu wamba wotero anati, ndimvere iwe bwanji?Chifukwa chake mchaka chonsecho, ndakhala ndikuwona kuti nkhani zamalamulo zanenedwa kwambiri, titha kutembenuza kapena kuwonetsa pang'ono Yang Yusheng kapena Yang Yusheng academician, pali malipoti ambiri.
Koma ngakhale zotsatira zake sizili bwino, ndikuganiza kuti ndikufunikabe kuyankhula, choncho nthawi ino Pulofesa Gu anandiitanira ku msonkhanowo, ndinati ndinapitako.Tiyeni tikambirane momwe magalimoto amagetsi m'dziko lathu ayenera kukula.Kotero lero ndikukamba za "Kusintha ndondomeko ya subsidy, kupanga magalimoto amagetsi", ndipo ndikuwona kuti ndondomeko yathu ya subsidy iyenera kusinthidwa.Ndikufuna kufunsa mafunso atatu.Choyamba ndi kuwunika kwa zaka 15 zamagalimoto amagetsi, chachiwiri ndi momwe mungasinthire ndondomeko ya subsidy yamagalimoto amagetsi, ndipo chachitatu ndikugwiritsa ntchito batri yabwino yokhwima kuti mupange magalimoto abwino amagetsi a 135 ogulitsa.Ndiwo mafunso atatu omwe ine ndikufuna kuti ndiyankhulepo.
Ndemanga ya zaka 15 zamagalimoto amagetsi
Choyamba, kuwunika kwanga konse kwa chitukuko cha magalimoto amagetsi m'dziko lathu pazaka zapitazi za 15 ndikusakanikirana.
The otchedwa hi theka ndi luso kiyi wapanga patsogolo kwambiri, poyamba anakhazikitsa zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi galimoto makampani m'munsi, pofika kumapeto kwa 2015, China akuchulukirachulukira malonda a magetsi magetsi magalimoto akhoza kufika kuposa magalimoto 400,000.Tsopano popeza tikukamba za mayunitsi 497,000, ndikukayikira za chiwerengerocho, ndipo ndikuganiza kuti wotsogolera angagwirizane nane.Chifukwa chiwerengero cha makhadi ndi chiwerengero cha malonda kumanja, izi m'miyezi khumi yoyambirira ya chaka chino pa kusiyana kwa magalimoto a 70,000, kwenikweni, kumbuyo kwachinyengo kumapanga manambala onyenga ambiri mmenemo, kotero ine. anati sizingasangalatse nthawi zonse.Koma osachepera magalimoto athu amagetsi akukula mofulumira ndipo tayesera njira zambiri zothamanga, koma tiyeneranso kuona mavuto, kotero ndikunena kuti ndi madalitso osakanikirana.Anthu ena sagwirizana ndi kuwunika kwanga kotseguka, sindikuganiza kuti ndilo vuto lalikulu.Vuto loyamba ndi mtengo wa madola mabiliyoni ambiri m'zithandizo zapakati, kuphatikizapo ndalama zofananira ndi maboma am'deralo, zomwe sizinathandize kuyendetsa msika wamagetsi amagetsi.
Chachiwiri ndi chakuti mabasi ambiri oyera magetsi sanatsike, akanatha kugwiritsira ntchito 150 km kapena 200 km, posakhalitsa anakhala 80 km kapena 50 km, ndipo ena samatha kuyenda, kotero magalimoto awa 497,000 mkati, angati akutsika mtsogolo, angati "Chisa chonama", ndikuganiza kuti ndiyenera kuwerengerabe, ndipo chodabwitsa ichi chikufalikira, ndikuganiza kuti vutoli likufalikira, kukula kwadzidzidzi kwa chaka chatha, zaka zosungirako mabatire osayenera komanso kugulitsidwa, mabatire awa amagulitsidwa, osati moyo wautali. , komanso zoopsa kwambiri.Kotero "chisa chonama" ichi ndi vuto la kusakalamba lidzapitirira kufalikira, ndipo seti yachiwiri ya mabatire siiyikidwa.Vuto lachitatu ndilakuti anthu ambiri adapeza mfundo zotsatsira ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito ma tramu ngati magalimoto amafuta ndikugulitsa mabatire awo, ndiye izi ndichinyengo.Chachinayi ndi chakuti mazana a magalimoto oyendetsa magetsi osakwanira mwachibadwa ku Beijing ndi Shanghai tsopano akugona, ndipo ena asintha mabatire a lithiamu-ion, omwe amachepetsa mtengo chifukwa mtengo wa zothandizira ndi wosiyana.
Chachiwiri, maphunziro a zaka 15 kuyambira chitukuko cha magalimoto amagetsi.
Ndili ndi nkhani yayitali pankhaniyi, ndipo ndikufuna kunena mwachidule apa.Choyamba ndi chakuti njira yachitukuko imakhala yosasunthika komanso yosasunthika, ndilo phunziro loyamba.Mwachidule, ndondomeko ya zaka 15, zaka zitatu inasintha zinthu zitatu zofunika kwambiri, ndi magalimoto oyendetsa magetsi a mafuta monga chinthu choyamba pa nthawi ya zaka 15, kutsatiridwa ndi Purezidenti Bush, yemwe adawona kuti ndiye gwero lamphamvu lamagetsi.Kukonzekera kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, magalimoto a magetsi osakanizidwa akukhala malo othandizira galimoto, makampani ena ku Japan akufuna kuyambitsa teknoloji ya ku Japan, ndipo adagulanso Japan kubwerera ku msonkhano, pamene Prius ndi wokhwima kwambiri, ndipo kenako adapeza kuti ambiri a ife. amatsutsana ndi magalimoto osakanizidwa, chifukwa izi zimatsatiridwa ndi Japan, Japan ili ndi patent, pamene chilolezo cha Toyota chikuposa zana, galimoto yosakanizidwa iyi yosindikizidwa yakufa, ndiyeno n'zovuta kuchita ntchito yabwino pachimake. zigawo zatsopano za dziko lathu makina ndi magetsi processing.Choncho lingalirani kuti tiyenera kupanga galimoto yathu yamagetsi.Chifukwa chake mpaka 12th-Chaka Zisanu, magetsi oyera ngati cholinga.Chifukwa cholinga cha dongosolo la zaka zitatu ndi zisanu chikusintha pamenepo.Phunziro lachiwiri silinagwiritse ntchito mulingo wa batri ngati maziko a chitukuko cha magalimoto amagetsi, vuto ili ndikuwonanso, tangonena Kuti Mtengo, tsopano wagulitsa magalimoto 8 miliyoni, amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya batire ya nickel hydride ndi 50. Watts pa kilogalamu, koma chifukwa ali ndi ukadaulo wapakatikati wa zida zomwe zikutuluka komanso ukadaulo wofunikira ndikuwongolera zamagetsi, kuwongolera kumachitika bwino kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake kudzera mu matekinoloje awiriwa, mphamvu yamafuta ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zachita bwino kwambiri.Chifukwa chake galimoto iyi imatha kupulumutsa mafuta ku 35% mpaka 40%, kotero osati mu batire mochuluka bwanji, pali batire iyi ya nickel hydride kuti muigwiritse ntchito bwino, perekani gawo lonse la batire, koma dziko lathu silitero, pano Ine makamaka kulankhula za galimoto comrades, koma pa nthawi imeneyo lifiyamu-ion batire anafika 80 Watts pa kilogalamu, pafupifupi kawiri faifi tambala hydride batire, batire si zabwino, koma tsankho zimene koyera magetsi, ndi batire yotere kuchita mu woyera magetsi. , ndipo pamapeto pake adzakumana ndi zovuta zingapo.Chifukwa chake kusakhalapo kwa milingo ya batri monga maziko opangira magalimoto amagetsi kumasiyanitsidwa ndi kapangidwe kathu kofunikira kwambiri.Chachitatu ndi thandizo lalikulu ndipo palibe zofunika.Zothandizira kumakampani ndizokwera koma palibe chofunikira pazomwe mukufuna kuchita, chifukwa chake sizigwira ntchito pakutsatsa magalimoto amagetsi.Tsopano ndondomeko ya subsidy sichidziwika, nthawi yomweyo galimoto iyi siigulitsa, fakitale yamagalimoto tsopano savomereza malamulo, izi siziri zaposachedwa, zachitika kawiri, iyi ndi nthawi yachitatu, osati molingana ndi msika. subsidy, yang'anani ndondomekoyi, sankhani momwe mungachitire, chinthu ichi ndi choipa kwambiri.
Vuto lachinayi ndi kuchoka ku zenizeni za kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa madera akumidzi ndi akumidzi.Kuyang'ana pa magalimoto amagetsi m'mizinda ikuluikulu ndikuphwanya mobwerezabwereza magalimoto ang'onoang'ono, otsika kwambiri amagetsi ndi phunziro lalikulu kwa ife.Chachisanu ndi kusokoneza luso kafukufuku siteji kapena mafakitale siteji ya magalimoto magetsi, kafukufuku ndi mafakitale zimagwirizana ndi magawo awiri, koma pali kusiyana pakati, ndi magawo awiri osiyana, Unduna wathu wa Sayansi ndi Technology anati atatu ofukula ndi atatu yopingasa, atatu ofukula adangonena kuti mapulani atatu azaka zisanu a mfundo zazikulu zitatu.Ndikupereka chitsanzo cha fano, monga kusewera Rubik's Cube, atatu nthawi zonse atembenuke kumeneko, kwenikweni, akhoza kutembenuka, koma Utumiki wa Sayansi ndi Ukadaulo wa mafakitale ukugwira ntchito kwambiri, makamaka, Ministry of Science and Technology ikugwira ntchito mwakhama. okhudzidwa ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale, adayika gawo lofufuzira la magawo atatu oyimirira mpaka kukula kwa mafakitale mkati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zisokonezeke.Phunziro lachisanu ndi chimodzi sali okonda zinthu zatsopano, kusonyeza luntha, kasamalidwe mlingo sangathe kugwirizana ndi cholinga zinthu chitukuko, lolingana ndondomeko miyeso sagwirizana, yaying'ono-magalimoto m'zigawo zingapo mkati mwa chitukuko mofulumira kwambiri, sanali kupanga lolingana ndondomeko yothandizira malamulo, ngati mini-galimoto sikutanthauza mbale laisensi, safuna dalaivala kuyesa malamulo apamsewu, mu nkhani iyi pakhala ena ngozi za galimoto, kugunda, iye anagunda anthu, ndipo potsiriza onse mpaka otsika- galimoto yamagetsi yothamanga kwambiri imakhala yosatetezeka, chifukwa chake chimakhala chochuluka, sichowonadi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-02-2020