Munguva ichangopfuura, mudzidzi Yang Yusheng weChinese Academy of Sciences akataura pamusangano pamusoro pemhirizhonga yekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yemotokari dzemagetsi.Yang Yusheng piyona wekutsvagisa bhatiri remumba uye bhatiri repamusoro-simba rechipiri-lithium-sarufa bhatiri muChina.Muna 2007, Academician Yang Yusheng akagadzira yekutanga high-energy lithium-sulfur yechipiri bhatiri ye300Wh/kg muChina, yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura iripo lithium-ion bhatiri (100Wh/kg).Yang Yusheng academician anotenda kuti rubatsiro uye mutengo accounting yemotokari dzemagetsi kune matambudziko, ayo anosanganisira zvakawanda zvinofarirwa, asi zvakare zvinotungamira kune iripo yakakwirira subsidy system yemabhizinesi haidi, zvichiita kuti vazhinji vagadziri vemotokari vashandise mutengo wakakura gadzira chigadzirwa chisina musika, uye kushanda kwechigadzirwa ichi kunogona kuramba kuine matambudziko, hakuna kunyatso kuita basa mukusimudzira kukura kweindasitiri.
Yang Yusheng academician anotenda kuti yazvino bhatiri nhanho inotaridza kutungamira kweiyo 13th-Makore mashanu-Makore Emagetsi Indasitiri yeMotokari, pane kupfuura yazvino bhatiri nhanho yekutevera dzinonzi dzemhando yepamusoro mota dzemagetsi, mota dzemagetsi dzinofanira kuvandudzwa. chiyero chebhatiri, uye pasi peiyo iripo subsidy system, haina kungotungamira kune mazhinji mabhizinesi asina emagetsi ekutsvaga mota yemagetsi uye kusimudzira kuitira kupa rubatsiro "Great Leap Forward" -maitiro anomanikidzwa pabhiza, akakwira uye akakwira kupfuura mutengo wemusika. rubatsiro runotungamirawo kumusika wekutyaira, kwete kukonzeresa kusaenzana kwevanhu.Kuti izvi zviitike, Academician Yang Yusheng akapfupikisa zvidzidzo zvishanu kubva mukuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yemotokari dzemagetsi yeChina, ndokuisa pamberi pake mazano matatu:
Zvidzidzo zvishanu zvakadzidzwa:
Chekutanga, nzira yekusimudzira inodedera, uye haina chokwadi;
Chechipiri, chiyero chebhatiri hachishandiswi senheyo yekuvandudzwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi;
Chechitatu, ikuru rubatsiro uye hapana zvinodiwa.Rubatsiro rwemabhizinesi rwakanyanya asi hapana chinodiwa, iwe wakagadzirira kuita zvekuita, saka kushambadzira kwemotokari dzemagetsi hakuna kuita basa;
Chechina, kubva mumadhorobha-mumaruwa misiyano pakati peiyo chaiyo.Tarisa pamotokari dzemagetsi mumaguta makuru, uye ramba uchipwanya pamotokari duku uye yakaderera-yemagetsi;
V. Kuvhiringa nhanho yekutsvagisa yehunyanzvi kana nhanho yeindasitiri yemotokari dzemagetsi.
Mazano matatu:
Kutanga, Dare reHurumende kuti rigadzirire sirin'i pamusoro pehuwandu hwemari yemotokari yemagetsi yekubatsira kweChirongwa che13 chemakore mashanu, zvingani zvekugadzira kune wekutanga kuverenga uye ozoshandisa, kwete kurega hushumiri huna kutanga kushandisa kuverenga;
Chechipiri, kujekesa mabasa emabhizinesi ega ega ekugadzira mota, kuwana rubatsiro rwakakodzera, zviratidzo zvemutoro, mibairo yakawandisa, kuitira kuranga nekusimudzira kugadzirwa;
Chechitatu, rubatsiro rwakakodzera, runoramba ruchisimbisa rubatsiro rwekuvandudzwa kwemagetsi emagetsi ekugadzira teknolojia.
Heinoi chinyorwa chizere:
MaComrades, ndakaita bvunzo dzenyukireya muXinjiang kwemakore makumi maviri nemanomwe nehafu, saka ndiri nyanzvi yekuongorora nyukireya, uyezve nekuti munguva pfupi kusvika makore makumi matanhatu, regai ndidzokere kuBeijing, kudzokera kuBeijing pakusarudzwa kwevadzidzi. , kwete kurega, saka ndinoita rimwe basa rebhatiri, mumunda wemagetsi mushure memakore anopfuura gumi, pakusangana nemotokari dzemagetsi, saka kubva pakuona kwe electromagnetic maonero ekugadzira motokari dzemagetsi, saka ndakatanga kunzwisisa zviri kuitika. nemotokari dzemagetsi.
Mumakore anopfuura gumi ekuonana, kuwedzera uye kuwedzera kunonzwa kuti mota dzemagetsi dzakakosha uye dzakaoma kwazvo, kune nyika yedu mamwe magwara ane chekuita nemotokari yemagetsi ane hukama anowanzo teerera, asi zvakare akabudisa mamwe maonero, mamwe maonero ave zvakare. inotsigirwa nemamwe makomuredhi, kune vanhu vashoma vasingabvumirani nemaonero angu, ndinofunga ndezvemuzvarirwo.Asi muitiro ndiwo chete muedzo wezvokwadi, uye nokufamba kwemakore, ndinonzwa kuti mamwe emaonero angu akakunda muedzo.Kana iri mutemo werubatsiro, ndainetsekana nawo makore matanhatu kana manomwe apfuura, pamberi uye mushure meShanghai World Expo.Makore maviri pamberi peWorld Expo, bhazi re12M pure-power rakatengeswa miriyoni 1.6, uye pasati papera gore, rakatengeswa nemiriyoni 1.9.Pakutanga kwegore reExpo, kuShanghai, yaive miriyoni 2.2, uye mwedzi mitatu isati yavhurwa yeExpo, yakatengeswa nemamiriyoni maviri nemazana matanhatu.
Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi ndakanzwa kuti kune matambudziko akawandisa nerubatsiro uye mitengo yemotokari dzemagetsi.Nekuti bhazi re12M rinoda matani maviri emabhatiri, pamutengo panguva iyoyo, bhatiri rese rinogona kunge riine mazana masere ezviuru.Saka nei kamwe kamwe kutaurwa nezve 2.6 miriyoni, uye bhaziwo zvaro rinenge 500,000, iyo nyika inopa 500,000, rubatsiro rwemunharaunda 500,000, inoita miriyoni imwe.Sei kugadzira zvakakwirira kudaro, kubva panguva ino ndakatanga kuteerera dambudziko iri.Saka ndanga ndichishevedza bhazi remagetsi re12M kuti nditengese mamiriyoni e2.6, uye ndataura izvozvo pamisangano yakawanda, zvichida kubata kufarira kwevamwe vanhu.Asi ndaigara ndichifunga kuti pane dambudziko nerubatsiro urwu.Asi ndinofanira kutaura shoko nhasi, tine vakuru vakuru vakawanda uye tine hurukuro yakanaka nemi.
Asi ndaipinda misangano yakawanda nguva zhinji, uye nguva zhinji ndaisangana nemamiriro ezvinhu ekuti ndaikumbira vakuru ava kuti vaburitse mitemo, ndichivakumbira kuti vatange vataura kana vapedza, wozotaura zvaasina kuteerera, iye haana kutaura. kuda kunzwa, aisada kunzwa, saka ndakaburitsa zvimwe zvinyorwa, ndikaburitsa mamwe mazwi, uye hazvina kushanda.Gare gare ndakazozvifunga zvishoma nezvishoma, kwete izvi chete, nekuti iko zvino kune vazhinji vakuru vakuru pakati pehushumiri huna, vese vanofunga kuti inyanzvi, inyanzvi kupfuura iwe, anopfuura iwe unofunga kufunga kwakadzama. nzwisisa, iwe munhuwo zvake akadaro akati, nei ndichifanira kukuteerera?Saka mukati megore rose, ndagara ndichinzwa kuti nyaya dzepolicy dzakataurwa zvakanyanya, tinogona kupindurudza kana kudonhedza zvishoma Yang Yusheng kana Yang Yusheng academician, kune mishumo yakawanda.
Asi kunyange hazvo mhedzisiro yacho haina kunaka, ndinofunga kuti kuchiri kufanira kutaura, saka panguva ino Professor Gu vakandikoka kuti ndiuye kumusangano, ndakati ndapinda.Ngatikurukurei kuti mota dzemagetsi munyika medu dzinofanira kusimukira sei.Saka nhasi ndiri kutaura nezve “Reforming subsidy policy, kugadzira mota dzemagetsi”, uye ndinonzwa kuti mutemo wedu werubatsiro wenyika unofanira kuchinjwa.Ndinoda kubvunza mibvunzo mitatu.Yokutanga ndeye 15-gore yekuongorora kwemotokari dzemagetsi, yechipiri ndiyo nzira yekushandura mutemo wekubhadhara mari yemotokari dzemagetsi, uye chechitatu ndechokushandisa bhatiri rakanaka rakakura kugadzira motokari yakanaka ye135 inotengeswa yemagetsi.Ndiyo mibvunzo mitatu yandinoda kutaura nezvayo.
Ongororo yemakore gumi nemashanu emotokari dzemagetsi
Kutanga, kuongorora kwangu kwese kwekuvandudzwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi munyika yedu mumakore apfuura 15 yakasanganiswa.
Iyo inonzi hi hafu ndiyo yakakosha tekinoroji yakaita kufambira mberi kukuru, pakutanga yakagadzira zvakakosha zvikamu uye indasitiri yemotokari base, pakupera kwa2015, kuwedzera kweChina kutengesa kwemagetsi matsva emagetsi emagetsi kunogona kusvika kupfuura 400,000 mota.Iye zvino zvatiri kutaura nezve 497,000 mauniti, handina chokwadi nezve nhamba iyoyo, uye ndinofunga mutungamiriri anogona kubvumirana neni.Nokuti nhamba yemakadhi uye nhamba yekutengesa kurudyi, izvi mumwedzi gumi yekutanga yegore rino pamusiyano we70,000 motokari, chaizvoizvo, iyi kumashure kwekubiridzira inoumba nhamba dzakawanda dzenhema mairi, saka ini akati haigone kutora chinhu ichi chinonakidza.Asi zvirinani mota dzedu dzemagetsi dziri kukura nekukurumidza uye takaedza akawanda ekumhanya mapatani, asi isu tinofanirawo kuona matambudziko, saka ndinoti chikomborero chakasanganiswa.Vamwe vanhu havabvumirani nehafu-yakavhurika ongororo, handifunge kuti ndiro dambudziko guru.Dambudziko rekutanga mutengo wemakumi emabhiriyoni emadhora murubatsiro rwepakati, pamwe chete nehuwandu hunoenderana nerubatsiro rwehurumende yenzvimbo, izvo zvave zvisingabatsiri mukufambisa musika wemotokari yemagetsi.
Chechipiri ndechekuti mabhazi emagetsi akawanda akachena haana kudzika, angadai akadzidzira 150 km kana 200 km, akakurumidza kuva 80 km kana 50 km, uye vamwe havagone kufamba, saka idzi 497,000 mota mukati, vangani vanoderera mune ramangwana, vangani. "Nhema yenhema", ndinofunga kuti ichiri kukosha kuverenga, uye chiitiko ichi chiri kupararira, ndinofunga kuti dambudziko iri rakapararira, gore rapera kukura kamwe kamwe, makore ekuchengetedza mabhatiri asina kukodzera akatengeswa kunze, mabhatiri aya akatengeswa, kwete kwete hupenyu hurefu. , asiwo kune ngozi zvikuru.Saka iyi "dendere renhema" uye dambudziko rekusakwegura richaramba richipararira, uye seti yechipiri yebhatiri haina kuiswa.Dambudziko rechitatu nderekuti vanhu vazhinji vakawana marongero akasarudzika uye vakashandisa matramu semota dzemafuta uye vakatengesa mabhatiri avo, saka uku zvakare hunyengeri.Yechina ndeyekuti mazana emotokari dzemagetsi dzisina kukwana muBeijing neShanghai dzave kurara, uye vamwe vakagadzirisa mabhatiri e-lithium-ion, izvo zvinoderedza mutengo nekuti mutengo werubatsiro wakasiyana.
Chechipiri, zvidzidzo zvemakore gumi nemashanu kubva pakugadzirwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi.
Ndine chinyorwa chakareba nezvenyaya iyi, uye ndinoda kutaura muchidimbu pano.Chekutanga ndechekuti nzira yebudiriro inodengenyeka uye haina kusarudzwa, chinova chidzidzo chekutanga.Muchidimbu, chirongwa chemakore gumi nemashanu, chemakore matatu chakashandura zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha, nemafuta emagetsi emagetsi emotokari sechinhu chekutanga chekutanga mukati memakore gumi nemashanu, achiteverwa neMutungamiri Bush, uyo akazviona sekupedzisira magetsi emagetsi.KuChirongwa cheMakore mashanu, mota dzemagetsi dzakasanganiswa dzinova chinangwa chekutsigira mota, mamwe makambani muJapan anoda kukonzera tekinoroji yeJapan, uye akatotenga gungano rekuJapan, apo Prius akura, uye akazowana kuti vazhinji vedu. vanopesana nemotokari dzakasanganiswa, nokuti izvi zvinoteverwa nemaJapan, Japan ine patent, apo Toyota patent inopfuura zana, iyi motokari yakasanganiswa yakavharwa yakafa, uye zvino zvakaoma kuita basa rakanaka repakati zvitsva zvemichina yenyika yedu uye kugadzirisa magetsi.Saka inzwa kuti tinofanira kuita motokari yedu yemagetsi.Saka kusvika ku12th-Makore mashanu, magetsi akachena seanotariswa.Nekuti kutarisa kweichi chirongwa chemakore matatu-mashanu kunotenderera ipapo.Chidzidzo chechipiri hachisi chekushandisa chiyero chebhatiri sehwaro hwekuvandudzwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi, dambudziko iri ndinoona zvakare, achangotaura Kuti Mutengo, iye zvino atengesa 8 miriyoni mota, anoshandisa nickel hydride bhatiri chiyero chesimba imakumi mashanu. watts pakirogiramu, asi nekuti ane yakakosha tekinoroji yegiya rinobuda uye yakakosha tekinoroji kutonga kwemagetsi, kutonga kunoitwa zvakanaka kwazvo.
Saka kuburikidza neaya matekinoroji maviri, simba remafuta uye simba remagetsi zvaita zvakakwana.Saka mota iyi inogona kuchengetedza mafuta kusvika pa35% kusvika 40%, saka kwete mubhatiri kuti imarii, pane iri nickel hydride bhatiri kuti uishandise zvakanaka, ipa zvizere basa rebhatiri, asi nyika yedu haina, saka pano Ini ndinonyanya kutaura nezvemakomuredhi emota, asi panguva iyoyo lithium-ion bhatiri yakasvika 80 watts pakirogiramu, yakada kupeta kaviri nickel hydride bhatiri, bhatiri iri harina kunaka, asi chidimbu kune izvo zvakachena zvemagetsi, nebhatiri rakadaro kuita magetsi akachena. , uye pakupedzisira achasangana nenhevedzano yezvinetso.Saka kusavapo kwemazinga ebhatiri sehwaro hwekuvandudzwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi kwakarambwa kubva kune yedu yakakosha dhizaini.Yechitatu ndeyerubatsiro rwepamusoro uye hapana zvinodiwa.Rubatsiro kumakambani rwakakwira asi hapana chinodiwa pane zvauri kuda kuita, saka hazvishande pakushambadzira kwemotokari dzemagetsi.Iye zvino mutemo wekubatsiri hauna kujeka, pakarepo motokari iyi haingatengesi, fekitari yemotokari ikozvino haigamuchiri mirairo, iyi haisi iyo yazvino, yakaitika kaviri, ino inguva yechitatu, kwete maererano nemusika, tarisa subsidy, tarisa mutemo, sarudza kuti woita sei, chinhu ichi chakashata.
Dambudziko rechina nderekubva pachokwadi chemusiyano mukuru uripo pakati pemadhorobha nemaruwa.Kutarisa pamotokari dzemagetsi mumaguta makuru uye kudzokororwa kakawanda pamotokari dzemagetsi maduku, akaderera-chidzidzo chikuru kwatiri.Yechishanu ndeyekuvhiringa tekinoroji yekutsvagisa nhanho kana maindasitiri danho remagetsi mota, tsvakiridzo uye maindasitiri ane chekuita nematanho maviri, asi pane misiyano pakati, ine matanho maviri akasiyana, Bazi redu reSainzi neTekinoroji rakati matatu vertical uye matatu akatwasuka, matatu yakatwasuka yakangoti matatu makore mashanu kuronga kwemapoinzi matatu akakosha.Ini ndinopa muenzaniso wemufananidzo, sekutamba Rubik's Cube, matatu anogara achitendeuka ipapo, chokwadi, anogona kutendeuka, asi Bazi reSainzi neTekinoroji yekugadzira maindasitiri ari kushanda zvakanyanya, chokwadi, Bazi reSainzi neTekinoroji riri kushingaira. akabatanidzwa mukusimudzirwa kwemaindasitiri, akaisa chikamu chekutsvagisa chevatatu vakamira kune maindasitiri mukati, saka tungamira kune zvinhu zvakashata.Chidzidzo chechitanhatu hachifariri nezvezvinhu zvitsva, kuratidza hungwaru, manejimendi nhanho haigone kuenderana nechinangwa chekusimudzira mamiriro, nhanho dzedu dzinoenderana dzemitemo hadzienderane, mota diki mumatunhu akati wandei mukati mebudiriro nekukurumidza, haina kuumba inoenderana. mutemo unotsigira mitemo, yakadaro mini-motokari haidi rezinesi ndiro, haidi kuti mutyairi aedze mitemo yemigwagwa, munyaya iyi kwave kune dzimwe tsaona dzemotokari, kurova, akarova vanhu, uye pakupedzisira zvose kusvika kune yakaderera- motokari yemagetsi inomhanya haina kuchengeteka, kunyanya chikonzero chacho, kunyanya kwete chokwadi.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-02-2020