Haufinyane tjena, moithuti Yang Yusheng oa Sekolo sa Mahlale sa China o buile kopanong ka pherekano ea nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea likoloi tsa motlakase ea China.Yang Yusheng ke pula-maliboho oa lipatlisiso tsa betri ea lapeng le betri e phahameng ea lithium-sulphur e nang le matla a phahameng naheng ea China.Ka 2007, Academician Yang Yusheng o ile a hlahisa betri ea pele ea matla a phahameng a lithium-sulfur ea 300Wh / kg Chaena, e phahameng haholo ho feta betri ea lithium-ion e teng (100Wh / kg).Yang Yusheng academician o lumela hore lithuso le theko accounting ea likoloi tsa motlakase ho na le mathata, tse akarelletsang lithahasello tse ngata, empa hape lebisa ho tsamaiso e teng e phahameng ea lithuso bakeng sa likhoebo ha e hloke, e lebisang ho baetsi ba likoloi tse ngata ho qeta theko e kholo ho hlahisa sehlahisoa ntle le 'maraka,' me ho sebetsa ha sehlahisoa sena ho ntse ho ka ba le mathata, ha hoa ka ha e-ba le karolo ea ho khothalletsa kholo ea indasteri.
Setsebi sa thuto ea Yang Yusheng se lumela hore boemo ba betri ba hajoale bo supa tataiso ea nts'etsopele ea Indasteri ea Likoloi tsa Motlakase ea Lilemo tse 13, ho fapana le ho feta boemo ba betri ea hona joale ho phehella seo ho thoeng ke likoloi tsa motlakase tsa boleng bo holimo, likoloi tsa motlakase li lokela ho ntlafatsoa boemo ba betri, le tlas'a tsamaiso e teng ea lithuso, ha ea ka ea lebisa feela likhoebong tse ngata tse se nang lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea likoloi tsa motlakase bakeng sa ho tšehetsa mokhoa oa "Great Leap Forward" o qobelloang ho palama pere, o phahameng le o phahameng ho feta litšenyehelo tsa 'maraka. lithuso li boetse li lebisa ho matla a ho khanna limmaraka, eseng molemong oa ho se lekane sechabeng.Ho fihlela sena, Academician Yang Yusheng o ile a akaretsa lithuto tse hlano ho nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea likoloi tsa motlakase ea China, mme a fana ka litlhahiso tsa hae tse tharo:
Lithuto tse hlano tse ithutiloeng:
Ntlha ea pele, tsela ea nts'etsopele e tsitsitse, 'me ha e na bonnete;
Ea bobeli, boemo ba betri ha bo sebelisoe e le motheo oa nts'etsopele ea likoloi tsa motlakase;
Ea boraro, ke lithuso tse phahameng 'me ha ho na litlhoko.Litšehetso bakeng sa likhoebo li phahame haholo empa ha ho na tlhokahalo, u ikemiselitse ho etsa seo u lokelang ho se etsa, kahoo ho rekisoa ha likoloi tsa motlakase ha hoa bapala karolo;
Ea bone, ho tsoa liphapanong tsa litoropo le tsa mahaeng lipakeng tsa tsa 'nete.Tsepamisa maikutlo ho likoloi tsa motlakase metseng e meholo, 'me ka makhetlo-khetlo u qhekelle likoloi tse nyenyane le tse tlaase tsa motlakase;
V. Ho ferekanya mohato oa lipatlisiso tsa tekheniki kapa sethala sa indasteri ea likoloi tsa motlakase.
Litlhahiso tse tharo:
Ntlha ea pele, Lekhotla la Naha ho beha siling ho palo eohle ea lithuso tsa likoloi tsa motlakase bakeng sa Moralo oa 13 oa Lilemo Tse Hlano, ke bokae ho etsa hore motho oa pele a bale 'me a sebelise, a se ke a lumella makala a mane pele a sebelisa palo;
Ea bobeli, ho hlakisa boikarabello ba likhoebo tse 'ngoe le tse ling tsa tlhahiso ea likoloi, ho fihlela lithuso tse nepahetseng, matšoao a boikarabello, likhau tse feteletseng, e le ho otla le ho khothaletsa tlhahiso;
Ea boraro, lithuso tse loketseng, li tsoelapele ho matlafatsa tšehetso bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea ntlafatso ea theknoloji ea likoloi tsa motlakase.
Mongolo o felletseng ke ona:
Metsoalle, ke ile ka etsa liteko tsa nyutlelie Xinjiang ka lilemo tse mashome a mabeli a metso e supileng le halofo, kahoo ke setsebi sa tlhahlobo ea nyutlelie, 'me joale hobane haufinyane ho fihlela lilemo tse 60, e re ke khutlele Beijing, ho khutlela Beijing ka khetho ea barutehi. , eseng ho tlohela mosebetsi, kahoo ke etsa mosebetsi o mong oa betri, tšimong ea motlakase ka mor'a lilemo tse fetang leshome, ka ho pepesehela likoloi tsa motlakase, kahoo ho tloha ponong ea motlakase oa ho hlahisa likoloi tsa motlakase, kahoo o ile a qala ho utloisisa se etsahalang. ka likoloi tsa motlakase.
Ka lilemo tse fetang leshome tsa ho kopana, ba bangata ba ikutloa hore likoloi tsa motlakase li bohlokoa haholo ebile li thata haholo, bakeng sa naha ea rona litsela tse ling tse amanang le nts'etsopele ea likoloi tsa motlakase le maano a amanang le tsona hangata li ela hloko, empa hape li ile tsa fana ka maikutlo a mang, maikutlo a mang a 'nile a ba teng. e tšehetsoeng ke ma-comrade a mang, ho na le batho ba 'maloa ba sa lumellaneng le maikutlo a ka, ke nahana hore ke ntho ea tlhaho haholo.Empa ho ikoetlisa ke eona feela teko ea ’nete, ’me ho theosa le lilemo, ke ikutloa hore tse ling tsa maikutlo a ka li ’nile tsa atleha.Mabapi le pholisi ea lithuso, ke ne ke tšoenyehile ka eona lilemong tse tšeletseng kapa tse supileng tse fetileng, pele le ka mor'a Shanghai World Expo.Lilemo tse peli pele ho Pontšo ea Lefatše, bese ea 12M ea matla a hloekileng e rekisitsoe ka limilione tse 1.6, 'me ka tlase ho selemo hamorao, e ile ea rekisoa ka limilione tse 1.9.Qalong ea selemo sa Expo, ho ea Shanghai, e ne e le limilione tse 2,2, 'me likhoeli tse tharo pele ho buloa ha Expo, e ile ea rekisoa ka limilione tse 2,6.
Ho tloha ka nako eo ho ea pele ke ile ka ikutloa ho na le mathata a mangata haholo ka lithuso le litheko tsa likoloi tsa motlakase.Hobane bese ea 12M e hloka lithane tse peli tsa libeteri, ka theko ka nako eo, betri eohle e ka ba 800,000.Joale ke hobane'ng ha ka tšohanyetso ho buuoa ka limilione tse 2.6, le bese e tloaelehileng e ka bang 500,000, eo mmuso o fanang ka eona ka 500,000, lithuso tsa lehae 500,000, li etsa 1 milione.Ke hobane'ng ha ho etsa holimo haholo, ho tloha nakong ena ho ea pele ke ile ka qala ho ela hloko bothata bona.Kahoo ke 'nile ka letsetsa bese ea motlakase ea 12M ho rekisa limilione tse 2,6,' me ke boletse joalo libokeng tse ngata, mohlomong ke ama thahasello ea batho ba bang.Empa kamehla ke ne ke nahana hore ho na le bothata ka thuso ena.Empa kajeno ke tlameha ho bua lentsoe, re na le liofisiri tse ngata 'me re buisana le uena hantle.
Empa ke ile ka ea libokeng tse ngata ka makhetlo, ‘me ke ne ke tle ke kopane le boemo boo ke neng ke kopa bahlanka bana hore ba ntše maano, ke re ba bue pele, ha ba qeta, ebe u bua seo a sa se mameleng, ha a ka a bua. batla ho utloa, o ne a sa batle ho utloa, kahoo ke ile ka hatisa lihlooho tse ling, ka hatisa mantsoe a mang, 'me ha ea ka ea sebetsa.Hamorao ke ile ka utloisisa butle-butle, eseng hona feela, hobane hona joale ho na le liofisiri tse ngata ka har’a makala a mane a bohareng, kaofela ba nahana hore ke litsebi, ke setsebi ho u feta, o feta kamoo u nahanang kateng ho nahanela ka botebo. e akaretsang, uena ea rakileng joalo o itse, ke hobane'ng ha ke lokela ho u mamela?Kahoo ho pholletsa le selemo kaofela, ke 'nile ka ikutloa hore litaba tsa pholisi li 'nile tsa boleloa haholo, re ka fetola kapa ra senya Yang Yusheng kapa Yang Yusheng academician, ho na le litlaleho tse ngata.
Empa le hoja phello e se e ntle, ke nahana hore ho ntse ho hlokahala ho bua, kahoo lekhetlong lena Moprofesa Gu o ile a 'memela ho ea kopanong, ke ile ka re ke bile teng.Ha re buisaneng hore na likoloi tsa motlakase naheng ea rona li lokela ho ntlafala joang.Joale kajeno ke bua ka “Reforming subsidy policy, develop electric vehicles”, ‘me ka ‘nete ke utloa eka leano la rona la naha le tlameha ho fetoloa.Ke kopa ho botsa lipotso tse tharo.Ea pele ke tlhahlobo ea lilemo tse 15 ea likoloi tsa motlakase, ea bobeli ke mokhoa oa ho fetola pholisi ea liphallelo bakeng sa likoloi tsa motlakase, 'me ea boraro ke ho sebelisa betere e ntle e hōlileng tsebong ho hlahisa likoloi tse ntle tsa 135 tse rekisoang tsa motlakase.Ke dipotso tse tharo tseo ke batlang ho bua ka tsona.
Tlhahlobo ea lilemo tse 15 tsa likoloi tsa motlakase
Ntlha ea pele, tlhahlobo ea ka ea kakaretso ea tsoelo-pele ea likoloi tsa motlakase naheng ea rona lilemong tse fetileng tsa 15 e kopane.
Ho thoeng ke hi halofo ke theknoloji ea bohlokoa e entse tsoelo-pele e kholo, qalong e thehile likarolo tsa bohlokoa le setsi sa indasteri ea likoloi, qetellong ea 2015, thekiso ea China ea likoloi tse ncha tsa motlakase e ka fihla ho feta likoloi tsa 400,000.Kaha joale re bua ka li-unit tse 497,000, ke na le lipelaelo ka palo eo, 'me ke nahana hore mookameli a ka lumellana le' na.Hobane palo ea likarete le palo ea thekiso ka ho le letona, sena likhoeling tse leshome tse qalang tsa selemo sena ka phapang ea likoloi tsa 70,000, ha e le hantle, mokokotlo ona oa bolotsana o etsa lipalo tse ngata tsa bohata ho eona, kahoo ke a re ha se kamehla nka ratang ntho ena.Empa bonyane likoloi tsa rona tsa motlakase li ntse li hōla ka potlako 'me re lekile mekhoa e mengata ea ho matha, empa re boetse re lokela ho bona mathata, kahoo ke re ke tlhohonolofatso e tsoakiloeng.Batho ba bang ha ba lumellane le tlhahlobo ea ka ea halofo, ha ke nahane hore ke bothata bo ka sehloohong.Bothata ba pele ke litšenyehelo tsa lidolara tse mashome a libilione tsa lithuso tse bohareng, hammoho le palo e ka bapisoang ea lithuso tsa mmuso oa lehae, tse hlolehileng ho tsamaisa 'maraka oa likoloi tsa motlakase.
Ea bobeli ke hore libese tse ngata tse hloekileng tsa motlakase ha lia ka tsa theoha, li ka be li sebelisitse lik'hilomithara tse 150 kapa 200 km, haufinyane li ile tsa fetoha 80 km kapa 50 km, 'me ba bang ba sitoa ho tsamaea, kahoo likoloi tsena tsa 497,000 ka hare, ke tse kae tse tla fokotseha nakong e tlang, "sehlaha sa leshano", ke nahana hore se ntse se le molemo ho bala, 'me ketsahalo ena e ntse e ata, ke nahana hore bothata bona bo ata, kholo ea tšohanyetso ea selemo se fetileng, lilemo tsa polokelo ea libeteri tse sa tšoaneleheng li boetse li rekisoa, libeteri tsena li rekisoa, eseng feela bophelo bo bolelele. , empa hape e kotsi haholo.Kahoo "sehlaha sena sa leshano" le bothata ba ho se tsofale bo tla tsoela pele ho ata, 'me sete ea bobeli ea libeteri ha e kentsoe.Bothata ba boraro ke hore batho ba bangata ba fumane maano a khethehileng mme ba sebelisa literempe joalo ka likoloi tsa mafura mme ba rekisa libeteri tsa bona, ka hona sena le sona ke thetso.Ea bone ke hore likoloi tse makholo tsa motlakase tse sa lekaneng ka tlhaho Beijing le Shanghai li se li felile, 'me tse ling li fetotse libeteri tsa lithium-ion, tse hlileng li fokotsang theko hobane theko ea lithuso e fapane.
Ea bobeli, lithuto tsa lilemo tsa 15 ho tloha ho nts'etsopele ea likoloi tsa motlakase.
Ke na le sehlooho se selelele tabeng ena, ’me ke rata ho bolela kemiso e khutšoanyane mona.Ea pele ke hore tsela ea nts'etsopele e tsitsitse ebile ha e na qeto, e leng thuto ea pele.Ka kakaretso, morero oa lilemo tse 15, oa lilemo tse tharo o fetotse lintho tse tharo tse tlang pele, 'me likoloi tsa motlakase tsa lisele tsa mafura e le tsona tse tlang pele nakong ea lilemo tse 15, tse lateloang ke Mopresidente Bush, ea ileng a li bona e le mohloli oa matla oa ho qetela oa matla a leseli.Ho ea ho Moralo oa Lilemo tse Hlano oa 11, likoloi tsa motlakase tsa lebasetere li fetoha sepheo sa tšehetso ea koloi, lik'hamphani tse ling tsa Japane li batla ho baka theknoloji ea Majapane, li bile li rekile kopano ea Japane, ha Prius e se e hōlile haholoanyane, 'me hamorao a fumana hore bongata ba rona. ba hanyetsana le likoloi tsa lebasetere, hobane sena se hlile se lateloa ke Majapane, Japane e na le patent, ha patent ea Toyota e feta lekholo, koloi ena e nyalisitsoeng e tiisitsoe e shoele, ebe joale ho thata ho etsa mosebetsi o motle oa motheo oa likarolo tse ncha tsa ts'ebetso ea mochini le motlakase naheng ea rona.Kahoo nahana hore re lokela ho iketsetsa koloi ea rona ea motlakase.Kahoo ho ea ho Lilemo tse Hlano tsa 12, motlakase o hloekileng e le sepheo.Hobane tsepamiso ea morero ona oa lilemo tse tharo tse hlano e ntse e fetoha.Thuto ea bobeli ke ho se sebelise boemo ba betri e le motheo oa nts'etsopele ea likoloi tsa motlakase, bothata bona boo ke bo bonang hape, ke boletse hore Theko, joale o rekisitse likoloi tse limilione tse 8, o sebelisa tekanyo ea betri ea nickel hydride ea matla ke 50. watts ka kilogram, empa kaha o na le thekenoloji ea mantlha ea lisebelisoa tse hlahang hammoho le theknoloji ea bohlokoa ke taolo ea elektronike, taolo e etsoa hantle haholo.
Kahoo ka litheknoloji tsena tse peli, matla a mafura le matla a motlakase a entse hantle.Kahoo koloi ena e ka boloka mafura ho 35% ho 40%, kahoo eseng ka betri hore na ke bokae, ho na le betri ena ea nickel hydride ho e sebelisa hantle, fana ka karolo e feletseng ea karolo ea betri, empa naha ea rona ha e joalo, kahoo mona Haholo-holo ke bua ka comrades koloi, empa ka nako eo lithium-ion betri fihla 80 Watts ka kilogerama, hoo e ka bang habeli nickel hydride betri, betri ena ha e ntle, empa e leeme ho seo e hloekileng motlakase, le betri joalo ho kopanela motlakase o hloekileng. , mme qetellong o tla kopana le letoto la mathata.Kahoo ho ba sieo ha maemo a betri e le motheo oa nts'etsopele ea likoloi tsa motlakase ho hlile ho hlalane le moralo oa rona oa mantlha.Ea boraro ke lithuso tse phahameng 'me ha ho na litlhoko.Litšehetso ho lik'hamphani li phahame empa ha ho na tlhoko ea seo u ikemiselitseng ho se etsa, kahoo ha e sebetse bakeng sa ho rekisa likoloi tsa motlakase.Hona joale leano la lithuso ha le hlake, hang-hang koloi ena e ke ke ea rekisoa, feme ea likoloi ha e amohele litaelo, sena ha se morao tjena, se etsahetse habeli, lena ke lekhetlo la boraro, eseng ho ea ka 'maraka, sheba subsidy, sheba policy, u etse qeto ea hore na ho etsoa joang, ntho eno e mpe haholo.
Bothata ba bone ke ho suthela hōle le ’nete ea phapang e khōlō pakeng tsa libaka tsa litoropo le tsa mahaeng.Ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho likoloi tsa motlakase metseng e meholo le ho senya khafetsa likoloi tse nyenyane tsa motlakase tse lebelo le tlaase ke thuto e kholo ho rona.Ea bohlano ke ea ho ferekanya the technical research stage or industrialization stage of electric vehicles, research and industrialization is related to the two stages, but there are differences between, is two different stages, Lekala la heso la Science and Technology le itse three vertical and three horizontal . tse tharo tse otlolohileng li boletse moralo oa lilemo tse hlano bakeng sa lintlha tse tharo tsa bohlokoa.Ke fana ka mohlala oa setšoantšo, joaloka ho bapala Rubik's Cube, tse tharo li lula li reteleha moo, ha e le hantle, li ka reteleha, empa Lekala la Saense le Theknoloji bakeng sa indasteri ea indasteri le sebetsa haholo, ha e le hantle, Lekala la Saense le Theknoloji le sebetsa ka mafolofolo. amehang ho intaseteri, o ile a beha mokhahlelo oa lipatlisiso tsa tse tharo tse tsepameng ho indasteri e ka hare, kahoo lebisa lintho bohlasoa.Thuto ea botšelela ha e chesehe ka lintho tse ncha, bonahatsa bohlale, boemo ba tsamaiso e ke ke ea boloka boemo ba sepheo sa nts'etsopele, mehato ea rona e tsamaisanang le leano ha e lumellane, likoloi tse nyenyane liprofinseng tse 'maloa ka hare ho nts'etsopele ka potlako, ha lia ka tsa theha se tšoanang. melaoana e tšehetsang leano, koloi e joalo ea mini-car ha e hloke licence plate, ha e hloke hore mokhanni a leke melao ea sephethe-phethe, tabeng ena ho bile le likotsi tse ling tsa koloi, li otla, li otla batho, 'me qetellong kaofela li theohela tlaase-tlaase lebelo la koloi ea motlakase e sa bolokehang, ha lebaka le lengata, ha ho na 'nete le ho feta.
Nako ea poso: Jul-02-2020